setPrompt – Setting the Matlab Desktop prompt

Monday, January 25th, 2010

A few days ago, a reader emailed me with a challenge to modify the standard matlab Command-Window prompt from “>> ” to some other string, preferably a dynamic prompt with the current timestamp. At first thought this cannot be done: The Command-Window prompts are hard-coded and to the best of my knowledge cannot be modified via properties or system preferences.

So the prompt can (probably) not be modified in advance, but what if it could be modified after being displayed? It is true that my cprintf utility modifies the Command-Window contents in order to display formatted text in a variety of font colors. But this case is different since cprintf runs once synchronously (user-invoked), whereas the prompt appears asynchronously multiple times.

There are two methods of handling multiple asynchronous events in Matlab: setting a callback on the object, and setting a PostSet handle.listener (or schema.listener) on the relevant object property. The first of these methods is a well-known Matlab practice, although we shall see that it uses an undocumented callback and functionality; the PostSet method is entirely undocumented and not well-known and shall be described in some later article. I decided to use the callback method to set the prompt – interested readers can try the PostSet method.

Setting the Command Window’s callback

The solution involved finding the Command-Window reference handle, and setting one of its many callbacks, in our case CaretUpdateCallback. This callback is fired whenever the desktop text is modified, which is an event we trap to replace the displayed prompt:

% Get the reference handle to the Command Window text area
jDesktop = com.mathworks.mde.desk.MLDesktop.getInstance;
try
  cmdWin = jDesktop.getClient('Command Window');
  jTextArea = cmdWin.getComponent(0).getViewport.getComponent(0);
catch
  commandwindow;
  jTextArea = jDesktop.getMainFrame.getFocusOwner;
end
 
% Instrument the text area's callback
if nargin && ~isempty(newPrompt) && ~strcmp(newPrompt,'>> ')
  set(jTextArea,'CaretUpdateCallback',{@setPromptFcn,newPrompt});
else
  set(jTextArea,'CaretUpdateCallback',[]);
end

Now that we have the Command-Window object callback set, we need to set the logic of prompt replacement – this is done in the internal Matlab function setPromptFcn. Here is its core code:

% Does the displayed text end with the default prompt?
% Note: catch a possible trailing newline
try jTextArea = jTextArea.java;  catch,  end  %#ok
cwText = get(jTextArea,'Text');
pos = strfind(cwText(max(1,end-3):end),'>> ');
if ~isempty(pos)
  % Short prompts need to be space-padded
  newLen = jTextArea.getCaretPosition;
  if length(newPrompt)<3
    newPrompt(end+1:3) = ' ';
  elseif length(newPrompt)>3
    fprintfStr = newPrompt(1:end-3);
    fprintf(fprintfStr);
    newLen = newLen + length(fprintfStr);
  end
 
  % The Command-Window text should be modified on the EDT
  awtinvoke(jTextArea,'replaceRange(Ljava.lang.String;II)',...
            newPrompt(end-2:end), newLen-3, newLen);
  awtinvoke(jTextArea,'repaint()');
end

In this code snippet, note that we space-pad prompt string that are shorter than 3 characters: this is done to prevent an internal-Matlab mixup when displaying additional text – Matlab “knows” the Command-Window’s text position and it gets mixed up if it turns out to be shorter than expected.

Also note that I use the semi-documented awtinvoke function to replace the default prompt (and an automatically-appended space) on the Event-Dispatch Thread (more on this in a future article). Since Matlab R2008a, I could use the more convenient javaMethodEDT function, but I wanted my code to work on all prior Matlab 7 versions, where javaMethodEDT was not yet available.

Preventing callback re-entry

The callback snippet above would enter an endless loop if not changed: whenever the prompt is modified the callback would have been re-fired, the prompt re-modified and so on endlessly. There are many methods of preventing callback re-entry – here’s the one I chose:

function setPromptFcn(jTextArea,eventData,newPrompt)
 
  % Prevent overlapping reentry due to prompt replacement
  persistent inProgress
  if isempty(inProgress)
    inProgress = 1;  %#ok unused
  else
    return;
  end
 
  try
    % *** Prompt modification code goes here ***
 
    % force prompt-change callback to fizzle-out...
    pause(0.02);
  catch
    % Never mind - ignore errors...
  end
 
  % Enable new callbacks now that the prompt has been modified
  inProgress = [];
 
end  % setPromptFcn

Handling multiple prompt types

I now wanted my function to handle both static prompt strings (like: ‘[Yair] ‘) and dynamic prompts (like: ‘[25-Jan-2010 01:00:51] ‘). This is done by accepting string-evaluable strings/functions:

% Try to evaluate the new prompt as a function
try
  origNewPrompt = newPrompt;
  newPrompt = feval(newPrompt);
catch
  try
    newPrompt = eval(newPrompt);
  catch
    % Never mind - probably a string...
  end
end
if ~ischar(newPrompt) && ischar(origNewPrompt)
  newPrompt = origNewPrompt;
end

File Exchange submission

I then added some edge-case error handling and wrapped everything in a single utility called setPrompt that is now available on the File Exchange.

In the future, if I find time, energy and interest, maybe I’ll combine cprintf‘s font-styling capabilities, to enable setting colored prompts.

Setting a continuously-updated timestamp prompt

Using the code above, we can now display a dynamic timestamp prompt, as follows:

setPrompt usage examples

setPrompt usage examples

However, the displayed timestamp is somewhat problematic in the sense that it indicates the time of prompt creation rather than the time that the associated Command-Window command was executed. In the screenshot above, [25-Jan-2010 01:29:42] is the time that the 234 command was executed, not the time that the setPrompt command was executed. This is somewhat misleading. It would be better if the last (current) timestamp was continuously updated and would therefore always display the latest command’s execution time. This can be done using a Matlab timer as follows:

% This is entered in the main function before setting the prompt:
stopPromptTimers;
if nargin && strcmpi(newPrompt,'timestamp')
  % Update initial prompt & prepare a timer to continuously update it
  newPrompt = @()(['[',datestr(now),'] ']);
  start(timer('Tag','setPromptTimer', 'Name','setPromptTimer', ...
              'ExecutionMode','fixedDelay', 'ObjectVisibility','off', ...
              'Period',0.99, 'StartDelay',0.5, ...
              'TimerFcn',{@setPromptTimerFcn,jTextArea}));
end
 
% Stop & delete any existing prompt timer(s)
function stopPromptTimers
  try
    timers = timerfindall('tag','setPromptTimer');
    if ~isempty(timers)
      stop(timers);
      delete(timers);
    end
  catch
    % Never mind...
  end
end  % stopPromptTimers
 
% Internal timer callback function
function setPromptTimerFcn(timerObj,eventData,jTextArea)
  try
    try jTextArea = jTextArea.java;  catch,  end  %#ok
    pos = getappdata(jTextArea,'setPromptPos');
    newPrompt = datestr(now);
    awtinvoke(jTextArea,'replaceRange(Ljava.lang.String;II)',...
              newPrompt, pos, pos+length(newPrompt));
    awtinvoke(jTextArea,'repaint()');
  catch
    % Never mind...
  end
end  % setPromptTimerFcn

Can you come up with some innovative prompts? If so, please share them in a comment below.

Update 2010-Jan-26: The code in this article was updated since it was first published yesterday.

Related posts:

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  2. Disabling menu entries in deployed docked figures – Matlab's standard menu items can and should be removed from deployed docked figures. This article explains how. ...
  3. Customizing help popup contents – The built-in HelpPopup, available since Matlab R2007b, has a back-door that enables displaying arbitrary text, HTML and URL web-pages....
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  5. UDD and Java – UDD provides built-in convenience methods to facilitate the integration of Matlab UDD objects with Java code - this article explains how...
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Categories: Desktop, High risk of breaking in future versions, Java, Listeners, Semi-documented function, Undocumented feature

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15 Responses to setPrompt – Setting the Matlab Desktop prompt

  1. Mike says:
    January 25, 2010 at 7:18 pm

    Very Interesting. Have you found any issues with operations that make assumptions about the prompt, such as tab completion, or copying/pasting to the Editor?

    Reply
    • Yair Altman says:
      January 26, 2010 at 1:55 am

      Hi Mike – Since the original post I have discovered two minor edge cases – when clearing the window (clc) and when invoking other windows (e.g., edit). These issues have since been fixed in the posted code as well as on FEX (should be available later today I guess).

      The only unsolved issue I have seen is that when selecting desktop text and pasting to the Editor, the prompt is not stripped as it is with the default prompt.

      Otherwise, the new prompt appears to work exactly as expected, with copy/paste, selection/F9, tab completion, help popups, history/editing etc. The Editor-Desktop interaction also works exactly as expected (aside from the known issue above).

      I haven’t tested thoroughly on non-Windows platforms and/or multiple Matlab releases, but I expect the changes to be minor at worst.

      Regarding assumptions, there are two inherent: that the default prompt ends with ‘>> ‘ and that the desktop TextArea can be accessed as described (this depends on the undocumented internal hierarchy, which may change between releases). For the moment these assumptions seem valid.

  2. Yair Altman says:
    January 26, 2010 at 4:20 pm

    Update: I have received a report that setPrompt fouls up the Command Window (CW) on Mac platforms. Since the utility’s code and the CW is Java-based, I have a feeling that the problems are due to bugs in the Java used on MacOS (there are numerous other problems with Java on Mac that affect Matlab). I can’t test this since I have no Mac.

    Oh well – I guess we’re left with using setPrompt on non-Mac platforms.

    I would love to hear specific details about similar compatibility issues.

    Reply
  3. Bass says:
    February 1, 2010 at 8:27 pm

    Hey Yair, Great article on setPrompt

    I would like to catch everything that will be printed in the command window and be able to send it to a remote PC via udp.

    Can you suggest what callbacks/ approach may be useful in doing this?

    thanks!

    Reply
    • Yair Altman says:
      February 2, 2010 at 12:16 am

      @Bassam – you can use a similar approach to setPrompt (you can use setPrompt‘s source code as the baseline) – set the command-window’s CaretUpdateCallback to send the new text to the remote PC and then store the existing text in a persistent variable. Your callback function will look something like this:

      function setPromptFcn(jTextArea,eventData)
 
  % Callback reentry-prevention
  persistent inProgress
  if isempty(inProgress)
    inProgress = 1;  %#ok unused
  else
    return;
  end
 
  % Preserve the last-processed text position
  persistent previousPos
  if isempty previousPos,  previousPos=0;  end
 
  % Process new text
  cwText = get(jTextArea,'Text');
 
  % Handle clear-window actions
  if length(cwText) < previousPos
    previousPos=0;
  end
 
  % Send the new text to the remote PC
  sendRemote(cwText(previousPos+1:end));
  previousPos = length(cwText);
 
  % Re-enable additional callback events
  inProgress = [];
  4. junziyang says:
    March 30, 2010 at 11:10 pm

    Another GREAT work!
    Can this function be improved to make the user difined prompt as the default one instead of calling setPrompt to manually set on each MATLAB session?

    Reply
    • Yair Altman says:
      March 31, 2010 at 8:21 am

      @junziyang – yes: you can add the setPrompt command to your startup.m function and it will be used in each Matlab session automatically.

      If you don’t have a startup.m file, simply create one in your Matlab startup folder – it’s a simple Matlab script file that contains commands that run automatically whenever Matlab starts in that folder.

  5. Rudolph says:
    June 23, 2010 at 8:18 am

    I’ve been looking for a decent prompt control/replacement for a *very* long time! This is fantastic!

    I do have one question/request. Mostly I run MatLAB in a term (gnome-terminal/konsole/whatever) and not from the MatLAB GUI (matlab -nosplahs -nodesktop).

    Would your approach work for modifying the prompt in a console? Maybe something like setPromptCon..?

    Reply
    • Yair Altman says:
      June 23, 2010 at 9:18 am

      @Rudolph – thanks.
      Re the console, I don’t know. You’re welcome to try and possibly modify the source code. If you find anything useful, please send me

  6. Steven Baete says:
    August 29, 2014 at 1:11 pm

    Great post!
    It helped me to show the command line output in my own GUI.

    % to read the matlab output into our GUI
jDesktop = com.mathworks.mde.desk.MLDesktop.getInstance;
jCmdWin = jDesktop.getClient('Command Window');
jTextArea = jCmdWin.getComponent(0).getViewport.getView;
set(jTextArea,'CaretUpdateCallback',{@cwtext_Call,handles});

    This worked fine in linux (Matlab R2013b,mint 17), however on the computer of a colleague of mine (a mac), I get the following error:

    The name 'CaretUpdateCallback' is not an accessible property for an instance of class 'com.mathworks.mde.cmdwin.XCmdWndView'.

    It seems as the CaretUpdateCallback is not available on the mac (Matlab R2014a, Os X, v10.9.4), would you have a workaround for this?

    Reply

  7. Pingback: How do you retrieve the selected text in MATLAB? - DexPage

  8. Steven Hunsinger says:
    March 15, 2019 at 1:52 am

    Does this work in Windows MATLAB R2018b? Or would someone mind demonstrating how to change the prompt in R2018b via command?

    Reply

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